Fermentation Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
QUESTION 1
Compare aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. How are the processes similar? How are they different? How do these processes determine which environment the organism can live in?
[Key terms to use in answer: electron transport chain, cytochrome, ATP, glucose, glycolysis, obligate aerobe, facultative anaerobe, microaerophile, obligate anaerobe, oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, CO 2, organic acids and alcohols, alternative substrates (other than glucose).
QUESTION 2
Using your knowledge of DNA recombination events to complete the following:
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- Propose two ways in which antibiotic resistance may develop in a bacterium
- Describe how bacterial cells acquire the ability to produce toxins
(Use the following terminology in your answer: recombination, DNA, horizontal gene transfer, conjugation, transformation, transduction, pilus, F factor, transposable elements, transposons, pathogenicity islands).
QUESTION 3
Discuss how a pathogen causes an infection. Include definitions for the primary pathogen, opportunistic pathogen, infection, disease (caused by a living organism), and various stages of pathogenesis. You can choose a specific organism to describe (like Orthomyxovirus and Influenza) or discuss a generalized infection.
QUESTION 4
Describe each type of infection in the following list and include the mode of transmission in each scenario. Use terms such as primary, secondary, healthcare-associated, STI, mixed, latent, toxemia, chronic, zoonotic, asymptomatic, local, and systemic to describe the types of infections (more than one term may apply, some may not apply to these conditions)
- The development of Pneumocystis is pneumonia in an AIDS patient
- Salmonellosis
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome infection acquired while vacationing in a log cabin