Scientific Revolutions Paper
The Scientific Revolution refers to the moments when paradigm was created regarding the scientific knowledge and regarding the manner through which people accessed and built ideas through epistemology[1]. Additionally, the Catholic and other churches encouraged the research of science, the search of temporal, technological methods of dictating the codes of natural forces which later erode customary accounts of detached occurrence.
During the period of scientific revolution, a revolution in the astrological field contested the Ptolemaic view which mentioned that the sun turns around the planet earth. Several developments took center stage including an advance in the medical fields. The backers of these developments pushed for the adoption of technical methods which consisted of fact- finding observations and numerical deductions. [2]The introduction of scientific methods resulted in the astonishing discovery of scientists like Isaac Newton towards the climax of the seventeenth century. The scientist, Isaac Newton’s capability to unravel the motion of the heavenly bodies, as well as every day’s object on the earth, gave science a huge uplift.
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The scientific revolution overthrew the traditional account in astronomy. The conventional account put the planet earth at the middle of the nature. Aloft the earth were the moon, the starts and afar these set realms lived God and angels. Additionally, the traditional account in astronomy advocated that the sun gyrates about the earth, the abode of God was ideal and unvarying. In the moments of scientific revolution, Nicolaus Copernicus attacked the traditional account in astronomy and began the revolution in astronomy. The polish priest asserted that the earth and other planets gyrate around the sun, what is known as heliocentrism. The clergyman mentioned that by putting the sun at the middle of the realm system he would remove many epicycles from the circulation. An Italian astronomer, Galileo Galilei later provided more advanced evidence to support the idea of heliocentrism by Copernicus which he used for challenging the concept of the traditional account in astronomy. [3]Towards the beginning of the sixteenth century, the astronomer built a telescope and observed the earth, the moon and the other four planets which are Jupiter, the phases of Venus and sunspots. After the observation, the astronomer, Galileo Galilei mentioned that the earth was a system that was in motion. During the sixteenth century, Copernicus also went ahead to challenge the traditional account in astronomy.
Before the scientific revolution era, religion was the social and cultural paradigm that dictated the way of life among millions of people. [4]Scientific revolution enabled people to be more inquisitive about thing rather than accepting the information that they receive raw. Scientific revolution made people have their own prove before allowing ideas, which was an indication that people had renewed vigor to carry out their investigations which showed the church wrong. The frequent disagreement between the church and the people who carried out their research meant that scientific revolution immensely affected the position of religion within human society. In some cases, some religions like the Islam adopted science as the new mechanism for understanding the world and living in the world. The Catholic and other protestant received scientific revolution with hostility. As a result, several accusations were put before astronomers like Galileo by the Catholic.
The nature of scientific change influenced the world’s politics. Writers began to defend the primacy of the interest of the state, and provided secular explanations for politics. Bodin, a writer, came up with three type of sovereignty. The monarchial, aristocratic and the democratic sovereignties. [5]With an objective to put into the system the notion in which the natural laws were held, Grotius extended secular thinking to provide the governments with legitimacy. According to Grotius, natural law was to govern politics and not the scripture. Additionally, Descartes added that mathematical and mechanical and mathematical principles were crucial in getting knowledge concerning nature. Descartes dictated that when human beings reason, they will prove that God exists.
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[6]During the moments of the scientific change, the less fortunate were termed as witches as they did not have the power to defend themselves. According to Hitherto, close to half of the persons accused were men after which close to eighty percent of the accused were now women. The social factor explained why women were the largest proportion in the accused group. They were considered the least fortunate. Additionally, a better way of reasoning came into existence. According to Plato, ideas were more significant than material thing because material things were ephemeral an indication that they cannot live forever. Also, the natural laws and rights were the important aspect of the building of the 1640s constitution.
In conclusion, the paper discusses scientific revolutions in detail and highlights the significant changes that took place during the moments of scientific revolution. The article also discusses the sorts of cultural or scientific paradigm that scientific revolution overthrew.
[1] Hunt, Lynn, Martin R Thomas, Rosenwein H Barbara, and Smith G Bonnie. The Making of the West, Combined Volume: Peoples and Cultures.Vol. 1. Macmillan, 2012.
[2] Hunt, Making of the West, 289
[3] Lecture notes: History Scientific Revolution
[4] Lecture notes: History Scientific Revolution
[5] Lecture notes from Class Blog
[6] Lualdi, Katharine J. “Sources of the Making of the West.” Peoples and Cultures. A Concise History 1. 2010.