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International Perspectives in Community Health

International Perspectives in Community Health

I need these questions answered in about 200 words each and not plagiarized. Please include each answer with references.

MODULE 1

Q1

Defining international or global health is important and some consider global health synonymous with public health. Select one of the following two statements:

1. Global health is public health requiring similar training and research methods.

2. Global health is a separate discipline requiring specific training and research methods.

Identify at least two arguments that support the selected statement and provide sources to support those arguments. Identify and discuss one historical event that is important in how global health is understood today and how that event supports your argument. For one of your substantive responses, identify another classmate that selected the opposite statement and provide at least one point of agreement and one point of disagreement.?

Q2

Poverty is central to health and development in low-income and middle-income countries. State your definition of poverty prior to studying public health. Based on this definition, what would be the focus of poverty alleviation solutions? Based on the relational and spiritual definition of poverty, discuss how the focus of solutions would change to include a holistic approach. Identify an example of a health program or solution that integrates a relational definition of poverty. Watch the video on “Defining Poverty” to help in responding to this discussion question.

RESOURCES

MODULE 2

Q1

Review the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, then evaluate the following statement by Katja Iversen, CEO of Women Deliver: “The SDGs are not a menu, they are a roadmap. We need to ask ourselves: Who can we do this with, and who does this affect?”

Discuss the difference between a roadmap and menu in reference to the SDGs and why a roadmap analogy makes more sense. In your response, reference at least two different goals between Goals 4 and 17 that are connected to health. Additionally, identify two key targets for reaching Goal 3 and why you think these are critical. Discuss two actions you could take to help make progress toward reaching the SDGs as a global society. Refer to the United Nations’ “The Lazy Person’s Guide to Saving the World” in the Topic Materials.

Q2

Visit “Global: Both Sexes, All Ages, 2016, DALYs” on the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation GBD Compare Data Visualization Hub website. Compare the primary causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from countries in two different socio-demographic index levels or economic regions. Identify three social or political-economic differences that help explain the differences you observed. Discuss the utility of the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) measure as a composite measure of health. Why is the DALY helpful given the different categories of Communicable, Noncommunicable, and Injury when it comes to comparing mortality and morbidity?

STUDY MATERIALS

MODULE 3

Q1

Globalization involves several features, including governance structures, communication, mobility, technology, and the environment. Based on the readings for this topic, identify two features of globalization that you think are the most important and discuss one example for each as to how it influences health. Identify a health issue that was not a global threat in the past but, due to changes in globalization, is now a global threat. Discuss what countries might do to prepare for this emerging health threat considering the issue of human rights in low-income and middle-income countries.

Q2

Public health and health care systems are impacted by globalization the exchange of new ideas, and opportunities to influence the larger field of global health. As you consider the factors related to globalization, discuss how low-income and middle-income countries should navigate the balance in building strong public health systems alongside an efficient health care system. What three pieces of advice would you give the Minister of Health in a country like Zambia or Nepal when it comes to the structure and integration of health care and public health?

STUDY MATERIALS

MODULE 4

Q1

Social and economic inequalities lead to imbalances in opportunities for advancement and growth. These imbalances lead to a greater sense of insecurity and lack of control. Microfinance or village banking programs are approaches used to encourage shared risk, security in savings, and opportunities for capacity building. Discuss the potential of such microfinance programs in lower-income communities where irregular income is common and their impact on reducing social and economic disparities. In your response, identify a specific example of such a program in a low-income or middle-income country and critically discuss one challenge and one benefit of the program. Evaluate the relationship between economic microfinance programs and social inequalities..

Q2

Inequalities lead to feelings of despair, depression, and anxiety often associated with substance use disorders. Consider the following scenario: Mr. Banda is a middle-aged man living in rural Malawi with a wife and three young children. He often travels to find work while his wife and children maintain the family farm to sustain themselves. Recently, Mr. Banda found out he was HIV positive without access to HIV antiretroviral therapy in the village. He became severely depressed and turned to alcohol to help him cope as an available social outlet. Over time, he started to drink on credit against his family’s harvest. When harvest time came, the tavern owner showed up at Mr. Banda’s home demanding half of his harvest to pay off his debt. Mr. Banda has come to you to ask for help. How would you respond to Mr. Banda after he shared his story with you? Discuss three social or economic inequalities influencing Mr. Banda’s actions and options. How would you leverage the strengths of faith-based organizations or

churches in the area to address these factors influencing Mr. Banda’s options assuming others in the community are going through similar situations? Watch the “Aid and Development” video to help you in answering this discussion question.

STUDY MATERIALS

MODULE 5

Q1

Cultural competence and cultural humility are central in engaging and communicating with community members and leaders. Provide your own definition of cultural humility in the context of public health. How does your definition compare to the points made about cultural humility in the Topic Material entitled “Reflections on Cultural Humility”? In addition to cultural humility, describe one other principle necessary when communicating public health content to engage communities to act. Describe a real example of this principle in action..

Q2

Sustainable community health strategies in economically diverse communities constitute the goal of public health. An international perspective is helpful to consider the diverse cultural beliefs, social systems, and values that make up a community. True transformation happens from within the community and includes intentional focus on the whole person and surrounding influences. Asset-based community development (ABCD) is an approach used to help facilitators focus on community assets rather than only discussing problems and needs. Evaluate and critique the ABCD approach. Is it realistic to think that poor communities have existing and unrecognized assets that can lead to economic opportunities? Discuss two benefits and two challenges when it comes to the effectiveness of ABCD in mobilizing communities for development.

STUDY MATERIALS

MODULE 6

Q1

Discuss three of the nine Sphere Core Humanitarian Standards. Identify the one that you think is most often neglected in the case of natural disasters or complex humanitarian emergencies. Discuss characteristics of complex humanitarian emergencies in your response. Share a real example of how these standards were (or were not) applied in a recent humanitarian crisis.

Q2

Sign up to receive the daily e-newsletter from Global Health NOW. Identify one story or current situation from Global Health NOW or the United National Refugee Agency about displaced people. Comment on the cause of the displacement, what international governments and nongovernmental agencies are doing to serve the people physically and mentally, and gaps that the faith-based community and churches could fill. Discuss the link between relief and development in your response and your suggestions for sustainable health promotion and development among the displaced population.

STUDY MATERIALS

MODULE 7

Q1

The textbook states, that often orphanages “ignore the power and presence of local communities and extended families in caring for orphans. Not only that, but many times exacerbate the challenges faced by orphans because they contribute to the cycle of ‘attachment and abandonment,’ owning to the short-term nature of these volunteer efforts” (p. 191). Evaluate this statement given what you know about the well-being of children. In what situations would orphanages or institutions for children be appropriate options and at what ages? How would a country’s Department or Ministry of Health apply a Health in All Policies approach to address the economic and social issues presented in this statement?.

Q2

Children are foundational to health of communities made up of family units. Understanding the context within which children are living, playing, growing, and developing is necessary as culture influences the definition of health. However, it is easy to focus on the physical needs of children while neglecting the emotional and spiritual needs of children. Provide one example from the Bible of how children were served spiritually or emotionally. Discuss how this example might inform your approach in helping culturally diverse families holistically support their children. Identify and discuss how emotional and mental health in children might look different based on different cultural definitions of health..

STUDY MATERIALS

MODULE 8

Q1

Partnerships involve strong servant leadership that builds trust based on transparency and honesty. Often, the needed programs and practices are known but a respectful partnership with the community is missing. Based on your experiences and the assigned reading, discuss the importance of servant leadership in building trust and sustainable partnerships. Identify an example of someone who exhibited servant leadership skills in building a cross-cultural partnership and why these efforts were successful. State whether you agree or disagree with the following statement and provide two reasons for your stance: A true partnership involves risk shared by all parties.

Q2

The local church is often seen as an access point to the community but rarely engaged in a true partnership. Discuss two challenges and two benefits of building partnerships that involve the local church or other communities of faith. Describe two criteria you think are necessary for healthy and effective partnerships that take into consideration the challenges you mentioned. Share an example of how you have applied these criteria in your life. For additional insight in responding to this discussion question, watch the “Partnership Development” video.

STUDY MATERIALS

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